RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as alterações psíquicas em profissionais da enfermagem pertencentes e não pertencentes ao grupo de risco para complicações da COVID-19. Métodos: estudo transversal multicêntrico, com 845 profissionais de enfermagem de quatro hospitais do Sul do Brasil, entre agosto e outubro de 2020. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por intermédio de um formulário eletrônico contendo os instrumentos Self-Reporting Questionnaire e o Maslach Burnout Inventory. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: dos 845 participantes, 214 pertenciam ao grupo de risco. Estes apresentaram maiores médias nos escores de Desgaste Emocional e Despersonalização (p<0,05), e maiores percentuais de Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores (55,2%). Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores e fazer parte da instituição B explicaram em 10,0% a variabilidade da Realização Profissional. Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores, uso de medicações, impacto na saúde mental e fazer parte das instituições A, B e C explicaram em 38,7% a variabilidade do Desgaste Emocional. Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores, impacto na saúde mental e fazer parte das instituições A e B explicaram em 23,1% a variabilidade da Despersonalização. Conclusões: o grupo de risco apresentou maior exposição a alterações psíquicas. O modelo de regressão não identificou diferença entre ser ou não do grupo de risco quanto à Síndrome de Burnout. O estudo contribui no planejamento de intervenções laborais protetivas no âmbito das instituições e das políticas públicas de saúde, visando diminuir possíveis fatores relacionados ao acometimento da Síndrome de Burnout e dos Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify psychological alterations in nursing professionals belonging to and not belonging to the risk group for complications of COVID-19. Methods: multicenter cross-sectional study with 845 nursing professionals from four hospitals in southern Brazil between August and October 2020. Data collection was performed through an electronic form containing the Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: among the 845 participants, 214 belonged to the risk group. These presented higher means in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores (p<0.05), and higher percentages of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (55.2%). Minor Psychiatric Disorders and being part of institution B explained in 10.0% the variability of Professional Achievement. Minor Psychiatric Disorders, use of medications, impact on mental health and being part of institutions A, B and C explained in 38.7% the variability of Emotional Exhaustion. Minor Psychiatric Disorders, impact on mental health and being part of institutions A and B explained in 23.1% the variability of Depersonalization. Conclusions: the risk group presented greater exposure to psychological alterations. The regression model did not identify a difference between being or not of the risk group regarding Burnout Syndrome. The study contributes to the planning of protective labor interventions within institutions and public health policies, aiming to reduce possible factors related to the involvement of Burnout Syndrome and Minor Psychiatric Disorders.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los cambios psíquicos en profesionales de enfermería pertenecientes y no pertenecientes al grupo de riesgo de complicaciones por COVID-19. Métodos: estudio transversal multicéntrico, con 845 profesionales de enfermería de cuatro hospitales del sur de Brasil, entre agosto y octubre de 2020. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un formulario electrónico que contenía el Self-Reporting Questionnaire y el Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: de los 845 participantes, 214 pertenecían al grupo de riesgo. Presentaron mayores puntuaciones medias en Agotamiento Emocional y Despersonalización (p<0,05), y mayores porcentajes de Trastornos Psíquicos Menores (55,2%). Los Trastornos Psíquicos Menores y el ser parte de la institución B explicaron en un 10,0% la variabilidad de la Realización Profesional. Los Trastornos Psíquicos Menores, el uso de medicamentos, el impacto en la salud mental y el ser parte de las instituciones A, B y C explicaron en un 38,7% la variabilidad del Agotamiento Emocional. Los Trastornos Psíquicos Menores, repercusión en la salud mental y ser parte de las instituciones A y B explicaron en un 23,1% la variabilidad de la Despersonalización. Conclusiones: el grupo de riesgo presentó mayor exposición a alteraciones psíquicas. El modelo de regresión no identificó diferencia entre estar o no en el grupo de riesgo con respecto al Síndrome de Burnout. El estudio contribuye para la planificación de intervenciones laborales protectoras en el ámbito de las instituciones y políticas públicas de salud, con el objetivo de reducir posibles factores relacionados con la participación del Síndrome de Burnout y Trastornos Psíquicos Menores.

BACKGROUND: The RHD gene is highly polymorphic, which results in a large number of RhD variant phenotypes. Discrepancies in RhD typing are still a problem in blood banks and increase the risk of alloimmunization. In this study, the RhD typing strategy at a blood bank in Brazil was evaluated.METHODS: One-hundred and fifty-two samples typed as RhD negative and C or E positive by routine tests (automated system and indirect antiglobulin test using the tube technique) were reevaluated for RhD status by three methods. The method with the best performance was implemented and evaluated for a period of one year (n = 4897 samples). Samples that were D positive exclusively in the confirmatory test were submitted to molecular analysis.RESULTS: The gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing with anti-D immunoglobulin G (clone ESD1) presented the best results. Seventy samples (1.43%) previously typed as RhD negative showed reactivity in the gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing and were reclassified as D positive. D variants that may cause alloimmunization, such as weak D type 2 and partial DVI, were detected.CONCLUSION: The confirmatory RhD test using the gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing represents a breakthrough in transfusion safety in this blood center. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing the blood group typing strategy in blood banks.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) on intestinal mucosa of rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion process comparing two cycles of reperfusion and ischemia lasting two minutes each and four cycles of reperfusion and ischemia lasting 30 seconds each METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: group A (10 rats), ischemia (30 minutes) and reperfusion (60 minutes); group B (10 rats), ischemia and reperfusion plus IPC by two lasting two minutes each; and Group C (10 rats), ischemia and reperfusion plus IPC by four cycles lasting 30 seconds each. Finally, a segment of small intestine was resected for histological analysis. We analysed the results according to Chiu et al . classification and proceeded to the statistical treatment by Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean degree of tissue injury according to Chiu et al . classification were: Group A, 2.77; in group B, 1.4; and group C, 1.4. B X C (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic postconditioning was able to minimize reperfusion injury of rats undergone mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion process. There was no difference in the effectiveness of the method comparing two cycles of two minutes with four cycles of 30 seconds by H&E histological evaluation of the ileum after 60-minute reperfusion.

ABSTRACT: Mullite is an excellent structural material due to its high temperature stability, high electrical insulation capabilities and creep resistance. This material has a number of technological applications, such as rocket nozzles used in the aerospace industry. In this work, mullite was obtained by sol-gel process, using silicic sol, aluminum nitrate and ethylene glycol, besides the following volume ratios of silica sol dispersion to ethylene glycol: 1/0; 1/1; 1/2; and 1/3. After drying, the samples were thermal treated at temperatures of 1,000; 1,100; 1,200 and 1,250°C. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (Bruner-Emmett-Teller - BET). SEM showed that mullite particles are fine and nearly equiaxed. The sample without ethylene glycol showed 3/2 mullite after heat treatment at 1,250°C. The sample with intermediate ethylene glycol concentration presented two crystallization processes: the first at 1,000°C forming mullite and spinel phases, and the second at 1,250°C forming only 3/2 mullite. However, the sample with the highest ethylene glycol concentration crystallized directly to mullite at 1,000°C with the highest yield. There is a strong dependence on the specific surface area with temperature. The Rietveld refinement showed that the a cell lattice of mullite and the Al/Si molar ratio in the mullite formula depend on the ethylene glycol presence and on the calcination temperature. The lattice parameters b and c are not dependent on the alumina content, but the parameter a increases with the increase in the alumina content. Samples prepared with higher ethylene glycol concentrations reached higher mullite yields at lower temperatures.

OBJECTIVE: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon in which a short period of sub-lethal ischemia in one organ protects against subsequent bouts of ischemia in another organ. We hypothesized that RIPC in patients with intermittent claudication would increase muscle tissue resistance to ischemia, thereby resulting in an increased ability to walk. METHODS: In a claudication clinic, 52 ambulatory patients who presented with complaints of intermittent claudication in the lower limbs associated with an absent or reduced arterial pulse in the symptomatic limb and/or an ankle-brachial index <0.90 were recruited for this study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C). All of the patients underwent two tests on a treadmill according to the Gardener protocol. Group A was tested first without RIPC. Group A was subjected to RIPC prior to the second treadmill test. Group B was subjected to RIPC prior to the first treadmill test and then was subjected to a treadmill test without RIPC. In Group C (control group), both treadmill tests were performed without RIPC. The first and second tests were conducted seven days apart. Brazilian Clinical Trials: RBR-7TF6TM. RESULTS: Group A showed a significant increase in the initial claudication distance in the second test compared to the first test. CONCLUSION: RIPC increased the initial claudication distance in patients with intermittent claudication; however, RIPC did not affect the total walking distance of the patients.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a designação genérica, uso e composição de medicamentos analgésicos contendo ácido acetilsalicílico. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas 124 entrevistas entre dezembro de 1999 e janeiro de 2000, em dois bairros da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. As entrevistas foram respondidas pela pessoa que atendeu o entrevistador em cada um dos domicílios sorteados. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram uma cartela com cinco especialidades farmacêuticas de analgésicos contendo ácido acetilsalicílico e uma entrevista com duas perguntas abertas sobre diferenças e semelhanças entre os produtos. RESULTADOS: A partir do nível de informação demonstrado pelos entrevistados, foram caracterizados três grandes grupos de conhecimento. O grupo das pessoas que demonstraram domínio sobre o assunto foi de 14 indivíduos (11%); os que demonstraram domínio limitado foi de 61 pessoas (49%); e os que não demonstraram domínio sobre o assunto formaram um grupo de 49 pessoas (40%). CONCLUSÕES: Considerando o conjunto de resultados, verificou-se que a maioria das pessoas (cerca de 90% na amostra avaliada) simplesmente desconhece qual a substância ativa presente em uma especialidade farmacêutica de seu uso freqüente.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of the generic designation, use and composition of analgesic medications containing aspirin. METHODS: A total of124 interviews were carried out between December 1999 and January 2000, in two neighborhoods of the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The interview was held with the person who came to answer the door at each of the homes that was drawn. The data collection instruments comprised a set of five different pharmaceutical specialties containing acetylsalicylic acid , and an interview consisting of two open questions concerning the differences and similarities between the products. RESULTS: Three major knowledge-level groups were characterized on the basis of the information that the interviewees were able to provide. The group that was knowledgeable about the matter comprised 14 individuals (11%). The group with limited knowledge contained 61 people (49)%. Those who had no knowledge of the matter at all formed a group of 49 people (40%). CONCLUSIONS: Taking the results as a whole, they indicate that most people (about 90% of the sample investigated) are simply not aware of what the active substance is, even in pharmaceutical specialties that they use frequently.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a designação genérica, uso e composição de medicamentos analgésicos contendo ácido acetilsalicílico. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas 124 entrevistas entre dezembro de 1999 e janeiro de 2000, em dois bairros da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. As entrevistas foram respondidas pela pessoa que atendeu o entrevistador em cada um dos domicílios sorteados. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram uma cartela com cinco especialidades farmacêuticas de analgésicos contendo ácido acetilsalicílico e uma entrevista com duas perguntas abertas sobre diferenças e semelhanças entre os produtos. RESULTADOS: A partir do nível de informação demonstrado pelos entrevistados, foram caracterizados três grandes grupos de conhecimento. O grupo das pessoas que demonstraram domínio sobre o assunto foi de 14 indivíduos (11%); os que demonstraram domínio limitado foi de 61 pessoas (49%); e os que não demonstraram domínio sobre o assunto formaram um grupo de 49 pessoas (40%). CONCLUSÕES: Considerando o conjunto de resultados, verificou-se que a maioria das pessoas (cerca de 90% na amostra avaliada) simplesmente desconhece qual a substância ativa presente em uma especialidade farmacêutica de seu uso freqüente.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of the generic designation, use and composition of analgesic medications containing aspirin. METHODS: A total of124 interviews were carried out between December 1999 and January 2000, in two neighborhoods of the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The interview was held with the person who came to answer the door at each of the homes that was drawn. The data collection instruments comprised a set of five different pharmaceutical specialties containing acetylsalicylic acid , and an interview consisting of two open questions concerning the differences and similarities between the products. RESULTS: Three major knowledge-level groups were characterized on the basis of the information that the interviewees were able to provide. The group that was knowledgeable about the matter comprised 14 individuals (11%). The group with limited knowledge contained 61 people (49)%. Those who had no knowledge of the matter at all formed a group of 49 people (40%). CONCLUSIONS: Taking the results as a whole, they indicate that most people (about 90% of the sample investigated) are simply not aware of what the active substance is, even in pharmaceutical specialties that they use frequently.